C#在winform中实现数据增删改查等功能

winform中利用ado.net实现对单表的增删改查的详细例子，具体如下：

1.前言：

运行环境：VS2013+SQL2008+Windows10

程序界面预览：

使用的主要控件：dataGridview和menuStrip等。

 2.功能具体介绍：

1.首先，我们要先实现基本的数据操作，增删改查这几个操作。

（1）先定义一个数据库操作的公共类：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Security.Cryptography;

namespace Data
{
 class SqlDesigner
 {
  private static string connStr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["data"].ConnectionString;
  /// <summary>
  /// 返回受影响的数据行数
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="sql"></param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public static int ExecuteNoQuery(string sql)
  {
   using (SqlConnection conn=new SqlConnection(connStr))
   {
    conn.Open();
    using (SqlCommand cmd=conn.CreateCommand())
    {
     cmd.CommandText = sql;
     return cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
     
    }
   }
  }
  /// <summary>
  /// 返回一个数据集
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="sql"></param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public static DataSet ExecuteDataSet(string sql)
  {
   using (SqlConnection xonn=new SqlConnection(connStr))
   {
    xonn.Open();
    using (SqlCommand cmd = xonn.CreateCommand())
    {
     cmd.CommandText = sql;
     SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
     DataSet dataset = new DataSet();
     adapter.Fill(dataset);
     return dataset;
    }
   }
  }
  public static object ExecuteScalar(string sql)
  {
   using (SqlConnection conn=new SqlConnection(connStr))
   {
    conn.Open();
    using (SqlCommand cmd=conn.CreateCommand())
    {
     cmd.CommandText = sql;
     return cmd.ExecuteScalar();
    }
   }
  }
  /// <summary>
  /// md5加密
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="strPwd"></param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public static string GetMD5(string strPwd)
  {
   string pwd = "";
   //实例化一个md5对象
   MD5 md5 = MD5.Create();
   // 加密后是一个字节类型的数组
   byte[] s = md5.ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strPwd));
   //翻转生成的MD5码  
   s.Reverse();
   //通过使用循环，将字节类型的数组转换为字符串，此字符串是常规字符格式化所得
   //只取MD5码的一部分，这样恶意访问者无法知道取的是哪几位
   for (int i = 3; i < s.Length - 1; i++)
   {
    //将得到的字符串使用十六进制类型格式。格式后的字符是小写的字母，如果使用大写（X）则格式后的字符是大写字符
    //进一步对生成的MD5码做一些改造
    pwd = pwd + (s[i] < 198 ? s[i] + 28 : s[i]).ToString("X");
   }
   return pwd;
  }
 
 }
}

（2）运用建立的公共类，进行数据库的操作：

a.数据查询：

ds = SqlDesigner.ExecuteDataSet("select * from dtuser");   
dt = ds.Tables[0];   
dataGridView1.DataSource = dt;

b.数据添加

 i = SqlDesigner.ExecuteNoQuery("insert into dtuser(uid,uname,pwd,uflag)values('" + textBox1.Text + "','" + textBox2.Text + "','" +textBox3.Text+ "','" + textBox4.Text + "')");

c.数据删除

string currentIndex = dataGridView1.CurrentRow.Cells[0].Value.ToString();
i = SqlDesigner.ExecuteNoQuery("delete from dtuser where uid='" + currentIndex + "'");

d.数据修改

i = SqlDesigner.ExecuteNoQuery("update dtrole set rname='" + textBox2.Text + "',flag='" + textBox3.Text + "'where rid='" + textBox1.Text + "'");

e.一些细节

这里，我们修改一下添加数据，让添加的数据变成字符串的形式，也就是加密操作：

string str = SqlDesigner.GetMD5(textBox3.Text.Trim());    
 i = SqlDesigner.ExecuteNoQuery("insert into dtuser(uid,uname,pwd,uflag)values('" + textBox1.Text + "','" + textBox2.Text + "','" + str + "','" + textBox4.Text + "')");

（3）dataGridView控件：

//绑定数据源
dataGridView1.DataSource = dt;
//自动适应列宽
dataGridView1.Columns[1].AutoSizeMode = DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnMode.AllCells;

3.代码仅供参考：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Data
{
 public partial class Form1 : Form
 {
  
  public Form1()
  {
   InitializeComponent();   
  }     
    
  DataSet ds = new DataSet();
  DataTable dt = new DataTable();

  private void TextBoxNull()
  {
   textBox1.Text = "";
   textBox2.Text = "";
   textBox3.Text = "";
   textBox4.Text = "";
  }
  private void 用户ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
   TextBoxNull();
   ds = SqlDesigner.ExecuteDataSet("select * from dtuser");   
   dt = ds.Tables[0];
   dataGridView1.DataSource = dt;
   labelshow();
  }

  private void 角色ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
   TextBoxNull();
   ds = SqlDesigner.ExecuteDataSet("select *from dtrole");
   dt = ds.Tables[0];
   dataGridView1.DataSource = dt;
   label4.Text = "None";
   textBox4.Text = "None";
   labelshow();
  }

  private void 对象ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
   TextBoxNull();
   ds = SqlDesigner.ExecuteDataSet("select * from dtfunction");
   dt = ds.Tables[0];
   dataGridView1.DataSource = dt;
   labelshow();
  }

  private void 帮助ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
   TextBoxNull();
   ds = SqlDesigner.ExecuteDataSet("select * from help");
   dt = ds.Tables[0];
   dataGridView1.DataSource = dt;
   dataGridView1.Columns[1].AutoSizeMode = DataGridViewAutoSizeColumnMode.AllCells;
  }
  //双击dataGridView1
  private void dataGridView1_CellDoubleClick(object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e)
  {
   string index = dataGridView1.CurrentRow.Cells[0].Value.ToString();
   if (label1.Text == "uid")
   {
    ds = SqlDesigner.ExecuteDataSet("select *from dtuser where uid='" + index + "'");
    dt = ds.Tables[0];
    DataRow row = dt.Rows[0];
    textBox1.Text = row["uid"].ToString();
    textBox2.Text = row["uname"].ToString();
    textBox3.Text = row["pwd"].ToString();
    textBox4.Text = row["uflag"].ToString();
   }
   if (label1.Text == "rid")
   {
    ds = SqlDesigner.ExecuteDataSet("select *from dtrole where rid='" + index + "'");
    dt = ds.Tables[0];
    DataRow row = dt.Rows[0];
    textBox1.Text = row["rid"].ToString();
    textBox2.Text = row["rname"].ToString();
    textBox3.Text = row["flag"].ToString();
    textBox4.Text = "None";
   }
   if (label1.Text == "fid")
   {
    ds = SqlDesigner.ExecuteDataSet("select *from dtfunction where fid='" + index + "'");
    dt = ds.Tables[0];
    DataRow row = dt.Rows[0];
    textBox1.Text = row["fid"].ToString();
    textBox2.Text = row["fname"].ToString();
    textBox3.Text = row["flag"].ToString();
    textBox4.Text = row["uflag"].ToString();
   }
  }
  private void labelshow() 
  {
   label1.Text = dataGridView1.Columns[0].HeaderText;
   label2.Text = dataGridView1.Columns[1].HeaderText;
   label3.Text = dataGridView1.Columns[2].HeaderText;
   try
   {
    label4.Text = dataGridView1.Columns[3].HeaderText;
   }
   catch (Exception)
   {

    label4.Text = "None";
   }               
  }    
  private void btn_add_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {   
   int i = 0;
   if (label1.Text=="uid")
   {
    string str = SqlDesigner.GetMD5(textBox3.Text.Trim());    
    i = SqlDesigner.ExecuteNoQuery("insert into dtuser(uid,uname,pwd,uflag)values('" + textBox1.Text + "','" + textBox2.Text + "','" + str + "','" + textBox4.Text + "')");
   }
   else if (label1.Text == "rid")
   {    
    i = SqlDesigner.ExecuteNoQuery("insert into dtrole(rid,rname,flag)values('" + textBox1.Text + "','" + textBox2.Text + "','" + textBox3.Text + "')");
   }
   else
   {
    try
    {
     i = SqlDesigner.ExecuteNoQuery("insert into dtfunction(fid,rid,uid,uflag)values('" + textBox1.Text + "','" + textBox2.Text + "','" + textBox3.Text + "','" + textBox4.Text + "')");
    }
    catch (Exception)
    {
     MessageBox.Show("添加失败");
    }
    
   }
   
   if (i > 0)
   {
    MessageBox.Show("添加成功");
   }
   else
   {
    MessageBox.Show("添加失败");
   }          
  }
  
  private void btn_del_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
   int i = 0;
   string currentIndex = dataGridView1.CurrentRow.Cells[0].Value.ToString();
   if (label1.Text=="uid")
   {
    i = SqlDesigner.ExecuteNoQuery("delete from dtuser where uid='" + currentIndex + "'");
   }
   else if (label1.Text=="fid")
   {
    i = SqlDesigner.ExecuteNoQuery("delete from dtfunction where fid='" + currentIndex + "'");
   }
   else
   {
    i = SqlDesigner.ExecuteNoQuery("delete from dtrole where rid='" + currentIndex + "'");
   }
   if (i > 0)
   {
    MessageBox.Show("删除成功");
   }
   else
   {
    MessageBox.Show("删除失败");
   }
  }

  private void btn_update_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
   int i = 0;
   if (label1.Text == "rid")
   {
    i = SqlDesigner.ExecuteNoQuery("update dtrole set rname='" + textBox2.Text + "',flag='" + textBox3.Text + "'where rid='" + textBox1.Text + "'");
   }
   if (label1.Text == "uid")
   {
    i = SqlDesigner.ExecuteNoQuery("update dtuser set uname='" + textBox2.Text + "',pwd='" + textBox3.Text + "',uflag='" + textBox4.Text + "'where uid='" + textBox1.Text + "'");
   }
   if (label1.Text=="fid")
   {
    i = SqlDesigner.ExecuteNoQuery("update dtfunction set rid='" + textBox2.Text + "',uid='" + textBox3.Text + "',uflag='" + textBox4.Text + "'where fid='" + textBox1.Text + "'");
   }
   if (i > 0)
   {
    MessageBox.Show("Succeed！");
   }
   else
   {
    MessageBox.Show("Failed！");
   }
  } 

  
 }
}

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