spring data jpa @Query注解中delete语句报错的解决

spring data jpa @Query注解中delete语句报错

项目中需要删除掉表中的一些数据

@Query("delete from EngineerServices es where es.engineerId = ?1")
int deleteByEgId(String engineerId);

但是提示了错误

org.hibernate.hql.QueryExecutionRequestException: Not supported for DML operations

通过查阅相关的资料发现，对于执行update和delete语句需要添加@Modifying注解

@Modifying
@Query("delete from EngineerServices es where es.engineerId = ?1")
int deleteByEgId(String engineerId);

不过，添加之后运行又出现了另一个错误

nested exception is javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException: Executing an update/delete query

发现缺少Transaction，于是添加@Transactional

@Modifying
@Transactional
@Query("delete from EngineerServices es where es.engineerId = ?1")
int deleteByEgId(String engineerId);

到此，这条delete语句终于可以成功的执行了。

代码示例：

package com.easy.kotlin.chapter11_kotlin_springboot.dao 
import com.easy.kotlin.chapter11_kotlin_springboot.entity.Image
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query
import org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional
 
/** Created by jack on 2017/7/17.
@Query注解里面的value和nativeQuery=true,意思是使用原生的sql查询语句.
sql模糊查询like语法,我们在写sql的时候是这样写的
like '%?%'
但是在@Query的value字符串中, 这样写
like %?1%
另外，要注意的是： 对于执行update和delete语句需要添加@Modifying注解
 */
 
interface ImageRepository : PagingAndSortingRepository<Image, Long> {
    @Query("SELECT a from #{#entityName} a where a.isDeleted=0 and a.category like %?1%")
    fun findByCategory(category: String): MutableList<Image>
 
    @Query("select count(*) from #{#entityName} a where a.isDeleted=0 and a.url = ?1")
    fun countByUrl(url: String): Int
 
    @Query("SELECT a from #{#entityName} a where a.isDeleted=0 and a.category like %:searchText%")
    fun search(@Param("searchText") searchText: String, pageable: Pageable): Page<Image>
 
    @Query("SELECT a from #{#entityName} a where a.isDeleted=0 and a.isFavorite=1")
    fun findAllFavorite(pageable: Pageable): Page<Image>
 
    @Query("SELECT a from #{#entityName} a where a.isDeleted=0 and a.isFavorite=1 and a.category like %:searchText%")
    fun searchFavorite(@Param("searchText") searchText: String, pageable: Pageable): Page<Image>
 
    @Modifying
    @Transactional
    @Query("update #{#entityName} a set a.isFavorite=1 where a.id=?1")
    fun addFavorite(id: Long)
 
    @Modifying
    @Transactional
    @Query("delete from #{#entityName} a where a.id=?1")
    fun delete(id: Long) 
} 
 

JPA使用@Query注解实例

1. 一个使用@Query注解的简单例子

@Query(value = "select name,author,price from Book b where b.price>?1 and b.price<?2")
List<Book> findByPriceRange(long price1, long price2);

2. Like表达式

@Query(value = "select name,author,price from Book b where b.name like %:name%")
List<Book> findByNameMatch(@Param("name") String name);

3. 使用Native SQL Query

所谓本地查询，就是使用原生的sql语句（根据数据库的不同，在sql的语法或结构方面可能有所区别）进行查询数据库的操作。

@Query(value = "select * from book b where b.name=?1", nativeQuery = true)
List<Book> findByName(String name);

4. 使用@Param注解注入参数

@Query(value = "select name,author,price from Book b where b.name = :name AND b.author=:author AND b.price=:price")
List<Book> findByNamedParam(@Param("name") String name, @Param("author") String author,
        @Param("price") long price);

5. SPEL表达式(使用时请参考最后的补充说明)

'#{#entityName}'值为'Book'对象对应的数据表名称(book)。

public interface BookQueryRepositoryExample extends Repository<Book, Long>{
    @Query(value = "select * from #{#entityName} b where b.name=?1", nativeQuery = true)
    List<Book> findByName(String name);
}

6. 一个较完整的例子

public interface BookQueryRepositoryExample extends Repository<Book, Long> {
    @Query(value = "select * from Book b where b.name=?1", nativeQuery = true) 
    List<Book> findByName(String name);// 此方法sql将会报错(java.lang.IllegalArgumentException)，看出原因了吗,若没看出来，请看下一个例子
 
    @Query(value = "select name,author,price from Book b where b.price>?1 and b.price<?2")
    List<Book> findByPriceRange(long price1, long price2);
 
    @Query(value = "select name,author,price from Book b where b.name like %:name%")
    List<Book> findByNameMatch(@Param("name") String name);
 
    @Query(value = "select name,author,price from Book b where b.name = :name AND b.author=:author AND b.price=:price")
    List<Book> findByNamedParam(@Param("name") String name, @Param("author") String author,
            @Param("price") long price); 
}

7. S模糊查询注意问题

模糊查询时在原生sql中like后跟随的值需要单独传，%不支持单独出现；在使用length查询数据库时需要（）单独括起。

@Repository
public interface SaleschargeRespolity extends JpaRepository<Salescharge,Integer> { 
    @Query(value = "select p from Salescharge p where ordertime>:startTime and ordertime<:endTime and staffid like :staffidlike and length(staffid)=(length(:staffid)+2)")    
    List<Salescharge> finAllSubChargeInfo(@Param("startTime") Date startTime, @Param("endTime") Date endTime,@Param("staffid") String staffid, @Param("staffidlike") String staffidlike); 
}

8. 解释例6中错误的原因

因为指定了nativeQuery = true，即使用原生的sql语句查询。使用java对象'Book'作为表名来查自然是不对的。只需将Book替换为表名book。

@Query(value = "select * from book b where b.name=?1", nativeQuery = true)
List<Book> findByName(String name);

以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持猪先飞。