Centos下Oracle11gR2安装教程与自动化配置脚本的方法

系统环境准备

开发组件与依赖库安装

安装centos时选择Server with GUI，右面的可以不勾选，后面统一来装

配置本地yum源

以上包如果缺乏可配置本地yum源进行安装

sudo mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/

[galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ sudo vim /etc/yum.repos.d/cdrom.repo
[galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ cat cdrom.repo 
[c7-media]
name=isofile
baseurl=file:///mnt
enable=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

[galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ sudo mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo-bak
[galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ sudo mv CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Media.repo-bak
[galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ sudo mv cdrom.repo CentOS-Media.repo

配置好yum源后开始安装依赖库，如下

yum install glibc glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh compat-libcap1  compat-libstdc++ elfutils-libelf-devel gcc-c++

关闭防火墙

[galen@localhost ~]$ systemctl stop firewalld.service 
[galen@localhost ~]$ systemctl disable firewalld.service 
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

关闭selinux

编辑/etc/sysconfig/selinux文件，保存退出后执行 setenforce 0命令

vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=disabled
#SELINUXTYPE=targeted  #注释掉

创建oracle用户、修改系统参数

创oracle建用户和组

[root@localhost galen]# groupadd oinstall
[root@localhost galen]# groupadd dba
[root@localhost galen]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@localhost galen]# passwd oracle

[root@localhost galen]# id oracle
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)

系统参数设置

官方推荐值：

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576  
fs.file-max = 6815744  
kernel.shmall = 2097152 
kernel.shmmax = 536870912 #推荐超过一半的物理内存
kernel.shmmni = 4096  
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128  
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500  
net.core.rmem_default = 262144  
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304  
net.core.wmem_default = 262144 
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 

通过 /sbin/sysctl -a |grep xxx 查看系统各参数，如果大于官方推荐值不修改，如果小于官方推荐值则修改为官方推荐值，写入/etc/sysctl.conf文件中，使用sysctl -p使其生效，示例如下

[root@localhost etc]# cat sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

修改资源限制如下

[root@localhost etc]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle		soft		nproc		2048
oracle		hard		nproc		16384
oracle		soft		nofile		1024
oracle		hard		nofile		65536
oracle		soft		stack		10240 

添加以下内容到/etc/pam.d/login

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login
session required  pam_limits.so

添加以下内容到/etc/profile

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile
if [[ $USER = "oracle" ]]; then
	if [[ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]]; then
		ulimit -p 16384
		ulimit -n 65536
	else
		ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
	fi
fi

保存后执行source /etc/profile生效

配置oracle用户环境变量，在/home/oracle/.bash_profile中加入如下内容

[root@localhost ~]# vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH
export LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
export NLS_LANG=american_AMERICA.UTF8
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"

创建oracle安装目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app
chmod -R 775 /u01/app

安装oracle 11g

挂载oracle11g安装包iso（也可以通过其他方式将oracle安装包传到主机），将安装文件复制到oracle home目录下，修改文件权限给oracle用户

[root@localhost /]# mkdir /mnt/oracle11g
[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/oracle11g/
[root@localhost /]# cp -r /mnt/oracle11g /home/oracle/
# 复制到oracle home目录下并修改权限
[root@localhost oracle]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oracle11g/
[root@localhost oracle]# chmod -R 775 /home/oracle/oracle11g/

接下来使用oracle用户登录桌面

执行./runInstaller开始安装，Centos 7安装的时候错误弹框有时候会变成一条竖线，安装无法进行下去，所以运行时执行

./runInstaller -jreLoc /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0

每项操作如下

[Configure Security Updates] 取消勾选 I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support，Next

[Installation Option] Install database software only，Next

[Grid Options] Next

[Product Languages] Next

[Enterprise Edition] Next

[Installation Location] Next

[Create Inventory] Next

[Operating System Groups] Next

[Prerequisite Checks] Next

[Summary] Finish，开始安装oracle 11g

安装到84%的时候可能会出现ins_ctx.mk相关的错误，如下

修改/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk文件

# 源文件
ctxhx: $(CTXHXOBJ)
    $(LINK_CTXHX) $(CTXHXOBJ) $(INSO_LINK)
# 修改为
ctxhx: $(CTXHXOBJ)
    -static $(LINK_CTXHX) $(CTXHXOBJ) $(INSO_LINK) /usr/lib64/stdc.a

修改/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk文件

# 源文件
$(SYSMANBIN)emdctl:
    $(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)
# 修改为
$(SYSMANBIN)emdctl:
    $(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11

retry继续安装到94%时，弹出

使用root用户ssh到主机到上述目录分别执行orainstRoot.sh与root.sh，执行root.sh时根据提示填入路径

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin，执行完成后到UI点击OK，安装完成

环境配置脚本

1. 使用root用户登录
2. 确保系统iso驱动器已连接（/dev/cdrom可mount）
3. 复制脚本到主机并给予可执行权限，执行脚本完成后即可开始安装oracle 11g

oracle 11g环境配置脚本

#!/bin/bash

# 配置yum源为本地iso
function set_yum_media() {
  cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
  for repo_file in `ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ | grep -v Media`
  do
    new_file=$repo_file.bak
    mv $repo_file $new_file
  done
  mkdir -p /mnt/media-dir
  mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/media-dir
  sed -i -e 's/baseurl=file:\/\/\/.*/baseurl=file:\/\/\/mnt\/media-dir\//g' -e 's/enabled=0/enabled=1/g' `ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ | grep Media`
  cd -
	rm -rf /var/run/yum.pid
  yum -y update
}

function install_packages() {
  for package in glibc glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh compat-libcap1  compat-libstdc++ elfutils-libelf-devel gcc-c++
  do
    yum -y install $package
  done
}

function create_oracle_user() {
	groupadd oinstall
	groupadd dba
	useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
	# 设置oracle用户密码为oracle
	echo oracle|passwd --stdin oracle
}

function set_system_parm() {
	sed -i '$a\fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576' /etc/sysctl.conf
	sed -i '$a\fs.file-max = 6815744' /etc/sysctl.conf
	sed -i '$a\kernel.shmall = 2097152' /etc/sysctl.conf
	sed -i '$a\kernel.shmmax = 536870912' /etc/sysctl.conf
	sed -i '$a\kernel.shmmni = 4096' /etc/sysctl.conf
	sed -i '$a\kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128' /etc/sysctl.conf
	sed -i '$a\net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500' /etc/sysctl.conf
	sed -i '$a\net.core.rmem_default = 262144' /etc/sysctl.conf
	sed -i '$a\net.core.rmem_max = 4194304' /etc/sysctl.conf
	sed -i '$a\net.core.wmem_default = 262144' /etc/sysctl.conf
	sed -i '$a\net.core.wmem_max = 1048586' /etc/sysctl.conf
	sysctl -p
}

function set_system_limit_parm() {
	sed -i '$a\oracle		soft		nproc		2048' /etc/security/limits.conf
	sed -i '$a\oracle		hard		nproc		16384' /etc/security/limits.conf
	sed -i '$a\oracle		soft		nofile		1024' /etc/security/limits.conf
	sed -i '$a\oracle		hard		nofile		65536' /etc/security/limits.conf
	sed -i '$a\oracle		soft		stack		10240' /etc/security/limits.conf
}

function set_profile_parm() {
	sed -i '$a\session required  pam_limits.so' /etc/pam.d/login
	sed -i '$a\if [[ $USER = "oracle" ]]; then' /etc/profile
	sed -i '$a\  if [[ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]]; then' /etc/profile
	sed -i '$a\    ulimit -p 16384' /etc/profile
	sed -i '$a\    ulimit -n 65536' /etc/profile
	sed -i '$a\  else' /etc/profile
	sed -i '$a\    ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536' /etc/profile
	sed -i '$a\  fi' /etc/profile
	sed -i '$a\fi' /etc/profile
	source /etc/profile
}

function set_oracle_env() {
	sed -i '$a\export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
	sed -i '$a\export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
	sed -i '$a\export ORACLE_SID=orcl' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
	sed -i '$a\export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
	sed -i '$a\export LANG="en_US.UTF-8"' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
	sed -i '$a\export NLS_LANG=american_AMERICA.UTF8' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
	sed -i '$a\export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
	source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
}

function create_oracle_dir() {
	mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
	chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app
	chmod -R 775 /u01/app
}

function disable_firewall() {
	systemctl stop firewalld.service
	systemctl disable firewalld.service
	sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux
	setenforce 0
}

if [ `whoami` == "root" ]
then
	set_yum_media
	install_packages
	create_oracle_user
	echo "set system parm"
	set_system_parm
	echo "set limits"
	set_system_limit_parm
	echo "set /etc/profile"
	set_profile_parm
	echo "set oracle env"
	set_oracle_env
	echo "create oracle dir"
	create_oracle_dir
	echo "disable firwall"
	disable_firewall
fi

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