SQL中in或or与union all性能对比

SELECT * FROM article
WHERE article_category IN (2,3)
ORDER BY article_id DESC
LIMIT 5

(
    SELECT * FROM article
    WHERE article_category=2
    ORDER BY article_id DESC
    LIMIT 5
) UNION ALL (
    SELECT * FROM article
    WHERE article_category=3
    ORDER BY article_id DESC
    LIMIT 5
)
ORDER BY article_id DESC
LIMIT 5
// 执行时间：0.0261

<?php
 /**
  * 压缩html : 清除换行符,清除制表符,去掉注释标记  
  * @param   $string  
  * @return  压缩后的$string 
  * */
 function compress_html($string) {  
     $string = str_replace("rn", '', $string); //清除换行符  
     $string = str_replace("n", '', $string); //清除换行符  
     $string = str_replace("t", '', $string); //清除制表符  
     $pattern = array (  
                     "/> *([^ ]*) *</", //去掉注释标记  
                     "/[s]+/",  
                     "/<!--[^!]*-->/",  
                     "/" /",  
                     "/ "/",  
                     "'/*[^*]**/'" 
                     );  
     $replace = array (  
                     ">\1<",  
                     " ",  
                     "",  
                     """,  
                     """,  
                     "" 
                     );  
     return preg_replace($pattern, $replace, $string);  
 }

<?php
$str="i   am    a     booknnnnnmoth";
//去除所有的空格和换行符
echo preg_replace("/[s]{2,}/","",$str).'<br>';
//去除多余的空格和换行符，只保留一个
echo preg_replace("/([s]{2,})/","\1",$str);
?>

<?php
// $document 应包含一个 HTML 文档。
// 本例将去掉 HTML 标记，javascript 代码
// 和空白字符。还会将一些通用的
// HTML 实体转换成相应的文本。

$search = array ("'<script[^>]*?>.*?</script>'si",  // 去掉 javascript
                 "'<[/!]*?[^<>]*?>'si",           // 去掉 HTML 标记
                 "'([rn])[s]+'",                 // 去掉空白字符
                 "'&(quot|#34);'i",                 // 替换 HTML 实体
                 "'&(amp|#38);'i",
                 "'&(lt|#60);'i",
                 "'&(gt|#62);'i",
                 "'&(nbsp|#160);'i",
                 "'&(iexcl|#161);'i",
                 "'&(cent|#162);'i",
                 "'&(pound|#163);'i",
                 "'&(copy|#169);'i",
                 "'&#(d+);'e");                    // 作为 PHP 代码运行

$replace = array ("",
                  "",
                  "\1",
                  """,
                  "&",
                  "<",
                  ">",
                  " ",
                  chr(161),
                  chr(162),
                  chr(163),
                  chr(169),
                  "chr(\1)");

$text = preg_replace ($search, $replace, $document);
?>

GET /Path/FileName HTTP/1.0
Host: www.server.com:80

$speed = 512;//此参数为下载最大速度
$pos = strrpos($file_path, "/");
$file_name = substr($file_path, $pos+1);
$file_size = filesize($file_path);
$ranges = getRange($file_size);
$fh =  fopen($file_path, "rb");
header('Cache-control: public');
header('Content-Type: application/octet-stream');
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename='.$file_name);
if ($ranges != null) {
    header('HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content');
    header('Accept-Ranges: bytes');
    header(sprintf('Content-Length: %u',$ranges['end'] - $ranges['start']));
    header(sprintf('Content-Range: bytes %s-%s/%s', $ranges['start'], $ranges['end'], $file_size));
    fseek($fh, sprintf('%u',$ranges['start']));
}else{
    header("HTTP/1.1 200 OK");
    header(sprintf('Content-Length: %s', $file_size));
}
while(!feof($fh))
{
    echo  fread($fh, round($speed*1024, 0));
    ob_flush();
    sleep(1);
}
($fh != null) && fclose($fh);

<?php
// 比较global、GLOBALS、static
$k = 0;
function test1() {
 global $k;
 static $i = 0;
 echo 'i:', ++$i, '<br/>';
 echo 'k:', ++$k, '<br/>';
}
test1();
test1();
echo 'i:', $i, '<br/>';
echo 'k:', $k, '<br/>';

echo '------------------<br/>';

function test2() {
 global $k;
 static $i = 0;
 echo 'i:', ++$i, '<br/>';
 echo 'k:', ++$k, '<br/>';
}
test2();
test2();
echo 'i:', $i, '<br/>';
echo 'k:', $k, '<br/>';

$m = 0;
$n = 0;
function test3() {
 global $m;
 echo 'm:', $m++ , '<br/>';
 echo 'n:', $GLOBALS['n']++ , '<br/>';
 unset($m, $GLOBALS['n']);
}
echo '------------------<br/>';
test3();

echo 'm:', $m, '<br/>';
echo 'n:', $n, '<br/>';

echo '------------------<br/>';

static $x = 0;
function test4() {
 echo 'x:', $x++ , '<br/>';
}

test4();

结果如下：

i:1
k:1
i:2
k:2
i:
k:2
------------------
i:1
k:3
i:2
k:4
i:
k:4
------------------
m:0
n:0
m:1
n:
------------------
x: